1967 - 1973
At the end of August 1967, Arab leaders met in Khartoum in response to the war, to
discuss the Arab position toward Israel. They reached consensus that there
should be no recognition, no peace, and no negotiations with the State of
Israel, the so-called "three no's".
In 1969, Egypt initiated the War of Attrition, with the goal of exhausting
Israel into surrendering the Sinai Peninsula. The
war ended following Gamal Abdel Nasser's death in 1970.
On October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt staged a surprise attack on Israel on Yom Kippur, the holiest day of the Jewish
calendar. The Israeli military were caught off guard and unprepared, and took
about three days to fully mobilize. This
led other Arab states to send troops to reinforce the Egyptians and Syrians. In
addition, these Arab countries agreed to enforce an oil embargo on industrial
nations including the U.S, Japan and Western European Countries. These OPEC
countries increased the price of oil fourfold, and used it as a political weapon
to gain support against Israel.
The Yom Kippur War accommodated indirect confrontation between the US and the
Soviet Union. When Israel had turned the tide of war, the USSR threatened
military intervention. The United States, wary of nuclear war, secured a ceasefire on October 25
discuss the Arab position toward Israel. They reached consensus that there
should be no recognition, no peace, and no negotiations with the State of
Israel, the so-called "three no's".
In 1969, Egypt initiated the War of Attrition, with the goal of exhausting
Israel into surrendering the Sinai Peninsula. The
war ended following Gamal Abdel Nasser's death in 1970.
On October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt staged a surprise attack on Israel on Yom Kippur, the holiest day of the Jewish
calendar. The Israeli military were caught off guard and unprepared, and took
about three days to fully mobilize. This
led other Arab states to send troops to reinforce the Egyptians and Syrians. In
addition, these Arab countries agreed to enforce an oil embargo on industrial
nations including the U.S, Japan and Western European Countries. These OPEC
countries increased the price of oil fourfold, and used it as a political weapon
to gain support against Israel.
The Yom Kippur War accommodated indirect confrontation between the US and the
Soviet Union. When Israel had turned the tide of war, the USSR threatened
military intervention. The United States, wary of nuclear war, secured a ceasefire on October 25